Amateur Radio/Getting started
So, you just passed your Foundation exam. What to do? This is intended as brief guide, to provide just enough relevant info to get started with and some links where to find out more.
Get a callsign
Around six days from your examination pass, you'll get a note in the mail with details that will allow you to register on the Ofcom website. Choose a callsign that is meaningful to you, such as your initials, something that sounds cool in NATO alphabet terminology, or perhaps something that is easy to enter in Morse Code.
It might be worthwhile to run a 'callsign scrape' of the Ofcom website using Mark Steward's code hosted on github.
First steps
- Register with qrz.com
- Start a log book. Use a spreadsheet with the columns shown on page 20 of the Foundation Licence Now! book.
Make that first QSO
See Sample QSOs or A brief guide to good amateur radio operating techniques.
Q codes
A few of the more common ones, (those that have to be learnt for the Intermediate Exam). There is a more thorough list at Wikipedia/Q code and at List of Q-codes. Q-Codes can either be a question or an answer. For example QRL? would mean Is this frequency in use? Whereas a response of QRL would mean The frequency is in use.
| Q-Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| QRL | The frequency is in use |
| QRM | Interference from other stations (M = man made interference) |
| QRN | Interference from static/thunderstorms (N = natural interference) |
| QRP | Low Power |
| QRT | Closing down my station |
| QRZ | Who is calling me? (Who’Z calling?) |
| QSB | Fading, usually signals going up and down in strength |
| QSL | Transmission successfully received (as in QSL card) |
| QSO | Contact with a station |
| QSY | Change frequency |
| QTH | Location, usually the nearest town (H = home) |
Abbreviations
There are a handful of abbreviations that you need to be aware of.
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| CQ | General call, any station may reply (seek you) |
| DX | Long Distance (on HF this normally means outside your own continent) |
| SIG | Signals |
| UR | Your |
| WX | Weather |
| DE | From |
| K | Go Ahead (your turn to transmit) |
| R | Roger (transmission received and understood) |
RST reports
Often in a QSO the strength and quality of the signal is exchanged. For the reporting of strength and readability, and tone with Morse code the RST system is the de facto standard. a very strong totally readable signal would be described as RS59 or more commonly "5 and 9". Most rigs have a signal or S meter.
| Value | Readability | Strength | Tone |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unreadable | Faint, barely perceptible | Extremely Rough Note |
| 2 | Barely Readable | Very Weak | Very Rough Note |
| 3 | Readable with Difficulty | Weak | Rough Note |
| 4 | Readable with little difficulty | Fair | Fairly Rough note |
| 5 | Totally Readable | Fairly Good | Note Modulated with a Strong Ripple |
| 6 | Good | Modulated Note | |
| 7 | Moderately Strong | Near DC Note but with a Smooth Ripple | |
| 8 | Strong | Good DC Note with a Trace of Ripple | |
| 9 | Very Strong | Pure DC Note |
Repeaters
The recognised calling protocol is "This is (your callsign) listening through (repeater callsign)". See How to use repeaters, A brief guide to good amateur radio operating techniques or A new ham's guide to repeaters. There is a list of repeaters that Hackspace members can get to.
Bands and equipment
Some economical suggestions to help find you find your way.
2 m and 70 cm
- VHF 144 to 148 MHz 2 m
- UHF 440 MHz 70 cm
Get a Baofeng UV-5R, change the antenna to a Nagoya NA-771 and use CHIRP with a Kenwood USB cable to program it. The Baofeng EV-5R site is useful.
SDR
Use a RTL2832U as a software-defined receiver covering 24&nrsp;MHz to 1.8uGHz
Shortwave
Purchase the best quality shortwave radio with SSB you can afford.
Antennae
Consider getting a Yagi-Uda antenna for the improved gain it provides.
Useful software
Some of these are listed because of the difficulty with radio shadow in the urban environment.
- Echo link – to contact other amateurs around the world via the Internet or smartphone
- WebSDR - a Software-Defined Radio receiver connected to the internet.
- APRS and APRSdroid – for reporting your position to the APRS network, displaying of nearby amateur radio stations and the exchange of APRS messages.
- HamSphere - a virtual Ham Radio Transceiver.
- GlobalTuners
External links
There are several online resources available to you. Our favourite is naturally our own conversations on IRC chat #lhs-radio on chat.freenode.net (via web browser) and mailing list but places like the reddit /r/amateurradio web groups can also be good.
- Essex Ham:Just got your licence?
- Hamuniverse.com:Getting ready to setup and operate your first ham radio station.
