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==Further Research== | ==Further Research== | ||
[http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm03r0.pdf Hydrogen use in a Combustion Engine] | [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm03r0.pdf Hydrogen use in a Combustion Engine] | ||
===NOx Emissions=== | |||
The amount of NOx formed depends on: | |||
• the air/fuel ratio | |||
• the engine compression ratio | |||
• the engine speed | |||
• the ignition timing | |||
• whether thermal dilution is utilized | |||
===Air/Fuel Ratios=== | |||
Because of hydrogen’s wide range of flammability, hydrogen engines can run on A/F ratios of anywhere from 34:1 (stoichiometric) to 180:1. The A/F ratio can also be ex-pressed in terms of equivalence ratio, denoted by phi (Φ). Phi is equal to the stoichiometric A/F ratio divided by the actual A/F ratio. For a stoichiometric mixture, the actual A/F ratio is equal to the stoichiometric A/F ratio and thus the phi equals unity (one). For lean A/F ratios, phi will be a value less than one. For example, a phi of 0.5 means that there is only enough fuel available in the mixture to oxidize with half of the air available. Another way of saying this is that there is twice as much air available for combustion than is theo-retically required. | |||
Hydrogen | |||
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
