Amateur Radio/Getting started

So, you just passed your Foundation exam. What to do? This brief guide and reference is intended to provide just enough relevant info to get started with, as well as some links where to find out more.

Get a callsign

Around six days from your examination pass, you'll get a note in the mail with details that will allow you to register on the Ofcom website. Choose a callsign that is meaningful to you, such as your initials, something that sounds cool in NATO alphabet terminology, or perhaps something that is easy to enter in Morse Code.

It might be worthwhile to run a 'callsign scrape' of the Ofcom website using Mark Steward's code hosted on github.

Joining the Radio Society of Great Britain

The RSGB is the group that organises various events, publishes the official RadCom magazine for its members, and helps acts as a formal gateway between Ofcom and individual amateur radio enthusiasts. There is an online 'New Starters' newsletter and various other resources available. There are often promotions for new members and those that are aged 21 or under (or in full time education until 25) can get free membership.

London Hackspace is an official RSGB-affiliated club and several of our members are individual members as well.

First steps

• Register with qrz.com
• Start a log book. Use a spreadsheet with the columns shown on page 20 of the Foundation Licence Now! book. Otherwise there are applications for logging, with added features such as QSL management.
  • DXKeeper, Windows
  • Winlog32, Windows
  • Log4OM, Windows

Bands

Freq. range	Abbr.	Name	RSGB Bands
3–30 kHz	VLF	Very low frequencies
3–300 kHz	LF	Low frequencies, AM longwave broadcasting
300 kHz–3 MHz	MF	Medium frequencies, AM medium wave broadcasting	472 kHz (600 m), 1.8 MHz (160 m),
3 MHz–30 MHz	HF	High frequencies or HF band, Shortwave broadcasts	3.5 MHz (80 m), 5 MHz (60 m), 7 MHz (40 m), 10 MHz (30 m), 14 MHz (20 m), 18 MHz (17 m), 21 MHz (15 m), 24 MHz (12 m), 28 MHz (10 m)
30 MHz–300 MHz	VHF	Very high frequencies or VHF band, FM radio	50 MHz (6 m), 70 MHz (4 m), 144 MHz (2 m), 146-147 MHz (2 m extension)
300 MHz–3 GHz	UHF	Ultra high frequencies or UHF band, Television broadcasts, Microwave	430 MHz (70 cm), 1.3 GHz (23 cm), 2.3 GHz (13 cm)
3 GHz–30 GHz	SHF	Super high frequencies, mmWave	3.4 GHz (9 cm), 5.7 GHz (6 cm), 10 GHz (3 cm), 24 GHz (12 mm)
30 GHz–300 GHz	EHF	Extremely high frequencies	47 GHz (6 mm), 76 GHz (4 mm), 134 GHz (2 mm)
300 GHz–3 THz	THz or THF	Terahertz or Tremendously high frequency

Make that first QSO

• Sample QSOs
• A brief guide to good amateur radio operating techniques

Q codes

A few of the more common ones, (those that have to be learnt for the Intermediate Exam). There is a more thorough list at Wikipedia/Q code and at List of Q-codes. Q-Codes can either be a question or an answer. For example QRL? would mean Is this frequency in use? Whereas a response of QRL would mean The frequency is in use.

Q-Code	Meaning
QRL	The frequency is in use
QRM	Interference from other stations (M = man made interference)
QRN	Interference from static/thunderstorms (N = natural interference)
QRP	Low Power
QRT	Closing down my station
QRZ	Who is calling me? (Who’Z calling?)
QSB	Fading, usually signals going up and down in strength
QSL	Transmission successfully received (as in QSL card)
QSO	Contact with a station
QSY	Change frequency
QTH	Location, usually the nearest town (H = home)

Abbreviations

There are a handful of abbreviations that you need to be aware of.

Abbreviation	Meaning
CQ	General call, any station may reply (seek you)
DX	Long Distance (on HF this normally means outside your own continent)
SIG	Signals
UR	Your
WX	Weather
DE	From
K	Go Ahead (your turn to transmit)
R	Roger (transmission received and understood)

RST reports

Often in a QSO the strength and quality of the signal is exchanged. For the reporting of strength and readability, and tone with Morse code the RST system is the de facto standard. a very strong totally readable signal would be described as RS59 or more commonly "5 and 9". Most rigs have a signal or S meter.

Value	Readability	Strength	Tone
1	Unreadable	Faint, barely perceptible	Extremely Rough Note
2	Barely Readable	Very Weak	Very Rough Note
3	Readable with Difficulty	Weak	Rough Note
4	Readable with little difficulty	Fair	Fairly Rough note
5	Totally Readable	Fairly Good	Note Modulated with a Strong Ripple
6		Good	Modulated Note
7		Moderately Strong	Near DC Note but with a Smooth Ripple
8		Strong	Good DC Note with a Trace of Ripple
9		Very Strong	Pure DC Note

Phonetic alphabet

• Wikipedia: NATO phonetic alphabet

Giving your location

When giving out the location (QTH) of the Radio Equipment, use one of the following location identifiers:

• The full postcode.
• Latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes. - Click a location on the map for the latitude, longitude.
• National Grid Reference correct to six figures. - Click a location on the map to find the British national grid reference.
• International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) locator, also known as Maidenhead QTH Locator System, to six characters. - Click a location on the map for the IARU/Maidenhead Locator.
• The address or other geographical description correct to 5 km (approx. 3.11 miles). - Enter location and specify 5 km, then click on the map to draw a radius around a point.

Repeaters

The recognised calling protocol is "This is (your callsign) listening through (repeater callsign)".

• How to use repeaters
• A brief guide to good amateur radio operating techniques
• A new ham's guide to repeaters
• Repeaters that Hackspace members can get to.

Bands and equipment

Some economical suggestions to help find you find your way.

2 m and 70 cm

• VHF 144 to 148 MHz 2 m
• UHF 440 MHz 70 cm

Get a Baofeng HT, change the antenna to a Nagoya NA-771 or a Tram 1185 mag mount with a PL259 female to SMA female pigtail. Use CHIRP with a Kenwood USB cable to program it. Note that the pre-amp on the UV-5R is fixed at very high. This makes it a very sensitive receiver but with poor selectivity. It will go deaf on a high gain external antenna, especially in an area with lots of RF sources. Spending more, e.g. on a Yaesu FT-60 (and Diamond SRH77CA antenna) will get you much better features and quality.

• Baofeng EV-5R site is useful.
• Baofeng UV-5R Programming for a quick guide.

SDR

Get an economical RTL2832U as a software-defined receiver covering 24 MHz to 1.8 GHz. These are often marketed as Digital Television (DVB-T) receivers but can receive significantly more information, including airplane transponders and various other interesting signals. They can be purchased for as low as £10 off of ebay, but be prepared to make your own antenna as the stock one is usually quite bad for general receiver coverage. Some dongles like the NooElec NESDR Mini 2 USB cost a little more but seem to have less quality issues.

Shortwave/HF

• Some useful advice in /r/amateurradio/ What is the best hf/vhf/uhf transceiver for under $600? i.e. it might be better to have different radios for HF and for VHF/UHF and that all-in-ones are compromises on both HF and VHF/UHF.

Antennae

For a better signal experiment with different antennae.

• J-Pole for 2m and 70 cm
• For a Baofeng HT with a Nagoya antenna add a 19" for 2 m or 6.5" for 70 cm counterpoise. This then makes up the other half of a dipole for the radio, giving it a half-wave antenna.

Hackspace amateur radio club & radio shack

LHS membership counts as LHS Radio Club membership. The club call sign is M0HSL. Meetings of the amateur radio club are normally held monthly on the first Saturday at 14:00. The radio shack is available to members and stewarded guests 24 hours a day.

Useful software

Some of these are listed because of the difficulty with radio shadow in the urban environment.

• Echo link – to contact other amateurs around the world via the Internet or smartphone
• WebSDR - a Software-Defined Radio receiver connected to the internet.
• APRS and APRSdroid – for reporting your position to the APRS network, displaying of nearby amateur radio stations and the exchange of APRS messages.
• HamSphere - a virtual Ham Radio Transceiver.
• GlobalTuners

See also

• Amateur Radio/Repeaters
• Amateur Radio/Callsigns
• Amateur Radio/Suppliers

Further links

There are several online resources available to you. Our favourite is naturally our own conversations on IRC chat #lhs-radio on chat.freenode.net (via web browser) and mailing list but places like the reddit /r/amateurradio web groups can also be good.

• Amateur Radio Wiki
• RSGB Band Plans & Information

Also on getting started

• Essex Ham: Just got your licence?
• Hamuniverse.com: Getting ready to setup and operate your first ham radio station.
• RSGB: Get Started
• Ethics and Operating Procedures for the Radio Amateur